About: Ecological processes underlying the emergence of novel enzootic cycles: Arboviruses in the neotropics as a case study

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About: Ecological processes underlying the emergence of novel enzootic cycles: Arboviruses in the neotropics as a case study Goto Sponge NotDistinct Permalink

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type	Academic Article research paper schema:ScholarlyArticle
isDefinedBy	Covid-on-the-Web dataset
title	Ecological processes underlying the emergence of novel enzootic cycles: Arboviruses in the neotropics as a case study
Creator	Boots, Mike Althouse, Benjamin Guth Id, Sarah Hanley, Kathryn
source	Medline; PMC
abstract	Pathogens originating from wildlife (zoonoses) pose a significant public health burden, comprising the majority of emerging infectious diseases. Efforts to control and prevent zoonotic disease have traditionally focused on animal-to-human transmission, or “spillover.” However, in the modern era, increasing international mobility and commerce facilitate the spread of infected humans, nonhuman animals (hereafter animals), and their products worldwide, thereby increasing the risk that zoonoses will be introduced to new geographic areas. Imported zoonoses can potentially “spill back” to infect local wildlife—a danger magnified by urbanization and other anthropogenic pressures that increase contacts between human and wildlife populations. In this way, humans can function as vectors, dispersing zoonoses from their ancestral enzootic systems to establish reservoirs elsewhere in novel animal host populations. Once established, these enzootic cycles are largely unassailable by standard control measures and have the potential to feed human epidemics. Understanding when and why translocated zoonoses establish novel enzootic cycles requires disentangling ecologically complex and stochastic interactions between the zoonosis, the human population, and the natural ecosystem. In this Review, we address this challenge by delineating potential ecological mechanisms affecting each stage of enzootic establishment—wildlife exposure, enzootic infection, and persistence—applying existing ecological concepts from epidemiology, invasion biology, and population ecology. We ground our discussion in the neotropics, where four arthropod-borne viruses (arboviruses) of zoonotic origin—yellow fever, dengue, chikungunya, and Zika viruses—have separately been introduced into the human population. This paper is a step towards developing a framework for predicting and preventing novel enzootic cycles in the face of zoonotic translocations.
has issue date	2020-08-13(xsd:dateTime)
bibo:doi	10.1371/journal.pntd.0008338
bibo:pmid	32790670
has license	cc-by
sha1sum (hex)	bfafd79dc21e7fe5121a301178db46794e2b2a6e
schema:url	https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0008338
resource representing a document's title	Ecological processes underlying the emergence of novel enzootic cycles: Arboviruses in the neotropics as a case study
has PubMed Central identifier	PMC7425862
has PubMed identifier	32790670
schema:publication	PLoS Negl Trop Dis
resource representing a document's body	covid:bfafd79dc21e7fe5121a301178db46794e2b2a6e#body_text
is schema:about of	named entity 'population ecology' named entity 'step' named entity 'cycles' named entity 'introduced' named entity 'systems' »more»

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