About: Non-invasive surveys of mammalian viruses using environmental DNA

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type	Academic Article research paper schema:ScholarlyArticle
isDefinedBy	Covid-on-the-Web dataset
title	Non-invasive surveys of mammalian viruses using environmental DNA
Creator	Thomas, M Affiliations, Gilbert, P Greenwood, Alex Alfano, Niccolo »more»
source	BioRxiv
abstract	Environmental DNA (eDNA) and its subdiscipline, invertebrate-derived DNA (iDNA) have been used to survey biodiversity non-invasively [1,2]. Water is ubiquitous in most ecosystems, and, among invertebrates, terrestrial haematophagous leeches are abundant and can be easily collected in many tropical rainforests [3,4]. Such non-invasive nucleic acid sources can mitigate difficulties of obtaining wildlife samples, particularly in remote areas or for rare species. Recently, eDNA/iDNA sources have been applied to monitoring specific wildlife pathogens [5,6]. However, previous studies have focused on known pathogens, whereas most wildlife pathogens are uncharacterized and unknown. Non-invasive approaches to monitoring known and novel pathogens may be of particular benefit in ecosystems prone to viral emergence, many of which occur in areas where invasive sampling is challenging, such as tropical rainforests. Here, we show that both eDNA from natural waterholes, and iDNA from terrestrial haematophagous leeches, can be used to detect unknown viruses circulating in mammalian hosts (Figure 1). Using a curated set of RNA oligonucleotides based on the ViroChip microarray assay [7] as baits in a hybridization capture system, multiple mammalian RNA and DNA viruses were detected from both eDNA and iDNA samples. Congruence was found between host DNA assignment and viruses identified in leeches, and between animals observed visiting the waterholes and the viruses detected. Our results demonstrate that eDNA/iDNA samples may represent an effective non-invasive resource for studying wildlife viral diversity. Several of the detected viruses were novel, highlighting the potential of eDNA/iDNA for epidemiological analysis of emerging viruses prior to their emergence. Highlights Environmental DNA (water and blood-sucking leeches) provided a non-invasive method of screening wildlife for viruses A comprehensive viral RNA oligonucleotide bait set was developed to capture known and unknown mammalian virus diversity Leech blood meal host determination and viruses identified were congruent Viruses determined from water correlated with known and observed species visiting the water sources In brief Alfano, Dayaram, et al. demonstrate that environmental DNA from southeast Asian leech bloodmeals and waterholes from Africa and Mongolia can be used as to detect viruses circulating in wildlife. These nucleic acid sources may represent an effective non-invasive resource for studying wildlife viral diversity and emerging viruses pre-emergence.
has issue date	2020-03-29(xsd:dateTime)
bibo:doi	10.1101/2020.03.26.009993
has license	biorxiv
sha1sum (hex)	b8993dcfc2c0e311ed6ccdf33b50f192d20223be
schema:url	https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.03.26.009993
resource representing a document's title	Non-invasive surveys of mammalian viruses using environmental DNA
schema:publication	bioRxiv
resource representing a document's body	covid:b8993dcfc2c0e311ed6ccdf33b50f192d20223be#body_text
is schema:about of	named entity 'viruses' named entity 'environmental DNA' named entity 'PCR' named entity 'leeches' named entity 'vertebrate' »more»

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