About: Novel Markers for Alternative Activation of Macrophages: Macrophage Galactose‐Type C‐Type Lectins 1 and 2

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type	Academic Article research paper schema:ScholarlyArticle
isDefinedBy	Covid-on-the-Web dataset
title	Novel Markers for Alternative Activation of Macrophages: Macrophage Galactose‐Type C‐Type Lectins 1 and 2
Creator	Thiel, Steffen Astrinidou-Vakaloudi, A Diamanti, I Georgakopoulou, E Hans, Reinholdt »more»
source	PMC
abstract	In parallel with the Th1/Th2 dichotomy, macrophages are capable of developing into functionally and molecularly distinct subpopulations, due to differences in, for example cytokine environment and pathological conditions. While the best‐studied, classically activated macrophage is induced by type I stimuli such as IFN‐γ, a type II cytokine environment antagonizes the classical activation of macrophages and is capable of alternatively activating macrophages. However, molecular markers associated with these type II cytokine‐dependent, alternatively activated macrophages remain scarce. Besides the earlier documented markers macrophage mannose receptor and arginase 1, we recently demonstrated that murine alternatively activated macrophages are characterized by increased expression of FIZZ1 and Ym. We now report that expression of the two members of the mouse macrophage galactose‐type C‐type lectin gene family, termed mMGL1 and mMGL2, is induced in diverse populations of alternatively activated macrophages, including peritoneal macrophages elicited during infection with the protozoan Trypanosoma brucei or the Helminth Taenia crassiceps, and alveolar macrophages elicited in a mouse model of allergic asthma. We also demonstrate that, in vitro, interleukin‐4 and interleukin‐13 upregulate mMGL1 and mMGL2 expression and that, in vivo, induction of mMGL1 and mMGL2 is dependent on interleukin‐4 receptor signalling. Moreover, we show that regulation of MGL expression is similar in human monocytes and monocyte‐derived macrophages. Hence, macrophage galactose‐type C‐type lectins represent novel markers for both murine and human alternatively activated macrophages; thus, paving the way for further characterization of the phenotype of macrophages occurring in Th2 conditions.
has issue date	2008-06-28(xsd:dateTime)
bibo:doi	10.1111/j.0300-9475.2004.01423m.x
has license	no-cc
sha1sum (hex)	5c415832f0b07588fba56ca897e5c66069ade930
schema:url	https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0300-9475.2004.01423m.x
resource representing a document's title	Novel Markers for Alternative Activation of Macrophages: Macrophage Galactose‐Type C‐Type Lectins 1 and 2
has PubMed Central identifier	PMC7169573
schema:publication	Scand J Immunol
resource representing a document's body	covid:5c415832f0b07588fba56ca897e5c66069ade930#body_text
is schema:about of	named entity 'Autoantibodies' named entity 'IFN' named entity 'peptides' named entity 'IgA2' named entity 'Th-1' »more»

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