About: The 2–5 A system: Modulation of viral and cellular processes through acceleration of RNA degradation

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An Entity of Type : schema:ScholarlyArticle, within Data Space : covidontheweb.inria.fr associated with source document(s)

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type	Academic Article research paper schema:ScholarlyArticle
isDefinedBy	Covid-on-the-Web dataset
title	The 2–5 A system: Modulation of viral and cellular processes through acceleration of RNA degradation
Creator	Phmol, Tkr,
source	Elsevier; Medline; PMC
abstract	Abstract The 2–5A system is an RNA degradation pathway that can be induced by the interferons (IFNs). Treatment of cells with IFN activates genes encoding several double-stranded RNA (dsRNA)-dependent synthetases. These enzymes generate 5′-triphosphorylated, 2′,5′-phosphodiester-linked oligoadenylates (2–5A) from ATP. The effects of 2–5A in cells are transient since 2–5A is unstable in cells due to the activities of phosphodiesterase and phosphatase. 2–5A activates the endoribonuclease 2–5A-dependent RNase L, causing degradation of single-stranded RNA with moderate specificity. The human 2–5A-dependent RNase is an 83.5 kDa polypeptide that has little, if any, RNase activity, unless 2–5A is present. 2–5A binding to RNase L switches the enzyme from its off-state to its on-state. At least three 2′,5′-linked oligoadenylates and a single 5′-phosphoryl group are required for maximal activation of the RNase. Even though the constitutive presence of 2–5A-dependent RNase is observed in nearly all mammalian cell types, cellular amounts of 2–5A-dependent mRNA and activity can increase after IFN treatment. One well-established role of the 2–5A system is as a host defense against some types of viruses. Since virus infection of cells results in the production and secretion of IFNs, and since dsRNA is both a frequent product of virus infection and an activator of 2–5A synthesis, the replication of encephalomyocarditis virus, which produces dsRNA during its life cycle, is greatly suppressed in IFN-treated cells as a direct result of RNA decay by the activated 2–5A-clependent RNase. This review covers the organic chemistry, enzymology, and molecular biology of 2–5A and its associated enzymes. Additional possible biological roles of the 2–5A system, such as in cell growth and differentiation, human immunodeficiency virus replication, heat shock, atherosclerotic plaque, pathogenesis of Type I diabetes, and apoptosis, are presented.
has issue date	1998-05-31(xsd:dateTime)
bibo:doi	10.1016/s0163-7258(97)00167-8
bibo:pmid	9623881
has license	els-covid
sha1sum (hex)	3e8c44c27b0b817004e6097bd264e21de2b766c1
schema:url	https://doi.org/10.1016/s0163-7258%2897%2900167-8
resource representing a document's title	The 2–5 A system: Modulation of viral and cellular processes through acceleration of RNA degradation
has PubMed Central identifier	PMC7157933
has PubMed identifier	9623881
schema:publication	Pharmacology & Therapeutics
resource representing a document's body	covid:3e8c44c27b0b817004e6097bd264e21de2b766c1#body_text
is schema:about of	named entity 'phosphorus' named entity 'dsRNA' named entity 'murine' named entity 'pCp' named entity 'RNA intermediate' »more»

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